ABSTRACT
Background: Timely administration of vaccines, particularly for hepatitis B birth dose within 24 hours of birth is of immense importance. It is considered as an indicator of quality of immunization programme. This study aimed to assess effect of mode of delivery and type of hospital on immunization among newborns.Methods: This large multi-site study was conducted in Pune district having population of 9.43 million. A total of 13 hospitals were selected which included all government hospitals performing more than five cesarean sections per month, and one government and one private medical college hospital. Cesarean section and vaginally deliveries were enrolled in 1:1 ratio. Their children were followed till discharge. Data were collected by obstetrician or qualified nurse.Results: During study period 3,112 women were enrolled. The relative risk of not getting vaccine Hepatitis B birth dose before 24 hours among cesarean delivered newoborns was 1.08. The relative risk of not getting zero polio and BCG among cesarean delivered newborns was 0.71 and 0.76 respectively. All these differences were significant. The coverage for all vaccines was better in sub district hospitals than others. Coverage of all vaccines in government teaching hospital was better than private.Conclusions: Cesarean section enabled better coverage among newborns probably due to length of stay. Whereas the physical and mental stress after cesarean section resulted lesser coverage of hepatitis B birth dose within 24 hours. Opportunities of timely Hepatitis B birth dose administration were missed probably due to lack of knowledge among health workers about ideal timing.
ABSTRACT
The 300 day old Kadaknath chicks were randomly distributed into five treatment groups A, B, C, D and E with three replicates having 20 birds in each and reared up to 6th weeks. The treatment groups were viz., control group A: birds fed diet CP 18%, ME 2700 kcal/kg, Methionine 0.38%, Lysine 0.85%; B: diet CP 19%, ME 2800 kcal/kg, Methionine 0.40%, Lysine 0.90%; C: diet CP 20%, ME 2900 kcal/kg, Methionine 0.48%, Lysine 1.00%; D: diet CP 21%, ME- 3000 kcal/kg, Methionine 0.45%, Lysine 1.10%; E: diet CP 22%, ME 3100 kcal/kg, Methionine 0.50%, Lysine 1.20 %. The body weights and weight gain in group D were significantly (P<0.01) higher than other treatment groups except group B at 6th week. The significantly lower feed intake was observed in group D compared to control group at 1st and 3rd weeks. The feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.01) better in groups B (3.74±0.06), D (3.70±0.10) and E (4.18 ±0.13) compared to control group (4.70±0.25). The antibody titres against Ranikhet disease were non-significant in all treatments at 3rd and 6th weeks. The cost of production in rupees per kg live weight was recorded lowest in group D (217.56) followed by groups B (218.62), C (255.39), E (256.23) and A (261.11). It may be concluded that the rearing of Kadaknath chickens under intensive system fed starter diet containing ME 3000 kcal/kg, CP 21%, Lysine 1.10% and Methionine 0.45% recorded best growth performance, better immune response and lowest cost of production at the end of 6th week
ABSTRACT
Oral candidiasis is a broad term which describes the fungal infections mainly caused by the yeasts belonging to the genus Candida. In developing countries, it is the third most common presenting compliant of the HIV-infected patients. Varied incidences have been observed depending on age and predisposing factors. Oropharyngeal candidiasis and dysphonia are among the local side effects of the use of several different topical steroids for the treatment of asthma. Long-term use of inhaled steroids renders oropharyngeal mucosa to opportunistic fungal infections by their local immunosuppressive actions. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old male chronic asthmatic patient, who was on a steroid inhaler and presented with oral candidiasis.
ABSTRACT
The year 2006 witnessed an extensive outbreak of Chikungunya fever in Maharashtra state. Out of 6467 sera of suspected patients sent to National Institute of Virology, Pune, 804 were serologically confirmed. This retrospective study was carried out by interrogating all those patients for their sickness experience. Adult females from rural area were more affected than males. In 68.2% families, there were multiple cases. Fever and multiple joint involvement were almost invariable. In 36.5% patients, there was history of recurrence. Along with pain, slight swelling was noticed in 55% patients. The commonest joints involved were wrist, inter-phalangeal, elbow, knee and ankle, in that order. The pain and swelling persisted for more than a month. After health education during outbreak, there was positive improvement in behavior pertaining to source reduction of vector. Inter-personal communication was best remembered. In health education, the role of paramedical workers and government doctors was prominent.